ESERA was established in terms of the Energy Regulatory Act, 2007. This Act mandates the Authority to administer the Electricity Act, 2007 (Act No.3 of 2007) and the Petroleum Act, 2020. ESERA has the primary and core responsibilities of exercising control over the Eswatini Supply Industry (ESI) and ensuring the security of supply of electricity through the issuance of licenses and the regulation of electricity tariffs and quality of supply and services. Furthermore, the Authority regulates the petroleum industry through the licensing and inspection of downstream activities.